Rendering Commands

cls [c]

Clear Screen

• No argument: black screen
• With color: cls c where c = hex color (0-F)
• Example: cls 0 (black), cls 9 (blue), cls 4 (red)

ups

Update Screen - refresh display

• All rendering before ups goes to a buffer
• Prevents screen flickering!
• Without ups = nothing displays!

cls 0
rsp 10 10 1       ~~ renders to buffer ~~
rtxt 20 20 F "HI" ~~ renders to buffer ~~
ups               ~~ NOW it shows on screen! ~~

rp x y c

Render Pixel - draw a pixel

• x = X position (0-95)
• y = Y position (0-71)
• c = hex color (0-F)
• Example: rp 10 20 E (yellow pixel at 10,20)

rtxt x y c txt

Render Text - display text

• x = X position
• y = Y position
• c = hex color (0-F)
• txt = text string or variable
• Example: rtxt 10 10 7 "HELLO" or rtxt 10 10 F fv:score

rsp x y id

Render Sprite - draw a sprite

• x = X position
• y = Y position
• id = sprite number (starts from 1!)
• Sprites are 8x8 pixels
• Example: rsp 40 30 1 (renders sprite #1)

rcl x y w h c

Render Rectangle - draw a rectangle

• x = X position
• y = Y position
• w = width
• h = height
• c = hex color (0-F)
• Example: rcl 10 10 20 15 4 (red rectangle)

Coordinate System

Reference Point: TOP-LEFT CORNER (0,0)

Applies to EVERYTHING:

• Screen - (0,0) is top-left corner
• Sprites - render from top-left corner
• Text - starts from top-left corner of first letter
• Pixels - (0,0) is top-left pixel

rsp 0 0 1      ~~ sprite at top-left corner ~~
rsp 88 64 2    ~~ sprite at bottom-right (96-8=88, 72-8=64) ~~
rtxt 0 0 F "HI"  ~~ text at top-left corner ~~

System - Clock & Execution

cks v

Clock Speed - clock rate

• Formula: (16 / v) - 1
• v = speed value
• v=16 = fastest (zero seconds delay)

Examples:

• cks 16 → (16/16)-1 = 0 seconds = MAX SPEED
• cks 8 → (16/8)-1 = 1 second
• cks 4 → (16/4)-1 = 3 seconds
• cks 2 → (16/2)-1 = 7 seconds

lpt v

Lines Per Tick - lines per clock tick

• v = how many lines of code execute per clock "tick"
• lpt 1 → one line per tick (slow, stable)
• lpt 50 → 50 lines per tick (fast setup)
• lpt 100 → very fast execution

Use high lpt for initialization, low for game loop!

slp v

Sleep - wait/pause

• v = how many seconds to wait
• slp 0.05 → wait 0.05 seconds
• slp 1 → wait 1 second
• slp 0 → DOES NOTHING - code continues without pause

Variables

stv var v

Set Variable - set a variable

• var = variable name
• v = value (number, text, bool, operation/comparison result)
• If variable doesn't exist → creates new one
• If exists → overwrites value

Examples:

stv score 0              ~~ create/set score to 0 ~~
stv px 40                ~~ create/set px to 40 ~~
stv name "2Axis Studio"  ~~ create/set name to "2Axis Studio" ~~
stv alive true           ~~ create/set alive to true ~~
stv hp fv:hp - 10        ~~ set hp to hp-10 ~~
stv is_low fv:hp < 20    ~~ set is_low to comparison result (true/false) ~~

fv:name

Fetch Variable - get variable value

• Used in command arguments
• Example: fv:score, fv:px, fv:hp

Math Operations

Available operators in arguments:

• + addition
• - subtraction
• * multiplication
• / division
• % mod

Examples:

stv hp fv:hp - 10
stv score fv:score + 100
stv x fv:x * 2
stv speed fv:speed / 2
stv background_x fv:background_x % 96

Comparisons (return true/false)

Available operators:

• = equal
• < less than
• > greater than

Direct use in jumps:

jlif fv:score = 100 50
jlif fv:hp < 20 30
jlif fv:level > 10 40

Use in variables (boolean):

stv is_low_hp fv:hp < 20
stv has_won fv:score = 100
jlif fv:is_low_hp 50

Jumps - Conditional Branching

jlif bool line

Jump Line If - jump to line if TRUE

• bool = condition (true/false or comparison result)
• line = line number to jump to
• Jumps ONLY if condition = true
• If false or something else → does NOT error, simply doesn't jump

Examples:

jlif fv:hp < 20 50       ~~ if hp < 20, jump to line 50 ~~
jlif fv:score = 100 30   ~~ if score == 100, jump to line 30 ~~
jlif true 10             ~~ always jumps to line 10 ~~

jlifn bool line

Jump Line If Not - jump to line if NOT TRUE

• bool = condition (true/false or comparison result)
• line = line number to jump to
• Jumps ONLY if condition = false (NOT met)

Examples:

jlifn ci:up 10           ~~ if up arrow NOT pressed, jump to 10 ~~
jlifn fv:alive 99        ~~ if alive == false, jump to 99 ~~

jmp line

Jump - unconditional jump

• line = line number
• Always jumps
• Example: jmp 5 → jump to line 5

stv hp 10
jlif fv:hp < 20 4
stv color 7         ~~ line 3 - continues normally ~~
                    ~~ line 4 - EMPTY (jump target) ~~
stv color 4         ~~ line 5 - executes ~~

Labels - Code Organization

lbl n

Label - marks the start of a label

• n = label name
• Adds label to list with its ID
• IMPORTANT: Label MUST be defined BEFORE calling it!
• Example: lbl game, lbl menu, lbl game_over

rtn n

Return - ends a label

• n = label name to end
• Ends label execution
• Does NOT return anything
• Removes label from stack
• Example: rtn game, rtn 0

jif bool lbl

Jump If to label - jumps to label if condition TRUE

• bool = condition (true/false)
• lbl = label name
• Jumps to label ADDING it to stack
• Example: jif fv:dead game_over

⚠️ LABEL AND STACK RULES:

Example CORRECT (loop inside label):

lbl game
  cls 0                ~~ line 2 ~~
  stv hp fv:hp - 1
  ups
  slp 0.05
  jlif true 2          ~~ loop inside label(remember that it needs to end) ~~

rtn game

Example with TEMPORARY exit:

lbl game
  cls 0                    ~~ line 2 ~~
  stv hp fv:hp - 1
  jlif fv:hp < 0 10        ~~ ✅ exits temporarily ~~
                           ~~ line 5 ~~
  ups
  slp 0.05
  jlif true 2              ~~ loop ~~

rtn game                   ~~ line 9 - end label ~~
                           ~~ line 10 - empty ~~
cls 4                      ~~ line 11 - outside label ~~
rtxt 20 28 7 "GAME OVER!"
ups
slp 2
jlif true 2                ~~ ✅ returns to label and ends it ~~

Sound

psw wave freq vol ms

Play Sound Wave - play a sound wave

• wave = wave type: sine, triangle, square, sawtooth, noise
• freq = frequency (Hz) - higher = higher pitch
• vol = volume (0-100)
• ms = duration in MILLISECONDS (not seconds!)

Examples:

psw sine 440 100 200     ~~ sine wave, 440Hz (A4), volume 100, 200ms ~~
psw square 880 50 500    ~~ square wave, 880Hz, volume 50, 500ms ~~
psw triangle 220 75 1000 ~~ triangle wave, 220Hz, volume 75, 1 second ~~
psw noise 110 80 400     ~~ noise, 110Hz, volume 80, 400ms ~~

Input - Keyboard

ci:name

Check Input - check if key is pressed

• Returns true/false
• Available keys:
  • ci:en - enter
  • ci:up - up arrow
  • ci:dn - down arrow
  • ci:lf - left arrow
  • ci:rt - right arrow

Example:

jlifn ci:up 10    ~~ if up NOT pressed, jump ~~

Technical Specifications

Screen

• Size: 96x72 pixels
• Coordinates: (0,0) = top-left corner

Colors (16 colors - hex 0-F)

• Stored as single hex characters
• 0 = black, F = white, 4 = red, 9 = blue, E = yellow, 7 = gray, etc.

Sprites

• Size: 8x8 pixels
• Stored in sprites list
• Format: 64-character hex string (8×8 = 64)
• Indexing starts from 1 (not 0!)
• Example: 00066000006FF600006FFF60066FFFF606FFFFFF66F6F6F666FFFFFF606666660

Font

• Character size: 5x7 pixels
• Format: 35-character binary string (5×7 = 35)
• Only UPPERCASE letters
• Digits available
• Some symbols
• Non-existent character = fallback: 00100011101000111101110110111000100
• Binary format = any color for text!